Ella Cara Deloria

Contributed to

  • The man who could understand ravens (1887)
    A man was said to understand the speech of ravens and magpies, which brought him exciting messages. Eventually the people taught a raven to speak, and that is why ravens can be taught like parrots to mimic human speech.

  • Plum-stone game (1887)
    The plum-stone game is primarily a game for women. Stones will be painted or marked on one side, while the other side is left plain. The stones will be laid mark-side-down in a birch-basket and after the toss, the marked sides are counted for the score.

  • Old Bull's Year Count, from 1821–1890 (1890)
    A transcription of a winter count kept by Old Bull, a Húŋkpapȟaya, produced by Deloria in collaboration with unnamed interpreters of the count. Some of the years don't align as expected with other counts.

  • Standing Rock legend (1927)
    A girl refuses to marry the man who is giving many horses for her, and runs away. She turns into a rock which now stands as a monument in Fort Yates.

  • Iktomi conquers Iya, the eater (1927)
    Iktomi and Iya meet and try to overpower each other with magic until Iktomi tricks Iya into visiting a camp where, with the aid of the warriors, Iya is killed. From his body emerge the countless tribes he has eaten, and they repopulate the earth.