Ella Cara Deloria

Contributed to

  • Horse racing (1887)
    Horse race betting could include arrows, household items, or the horses themselves. The bettors would select a well-skilled rider to compete. Sometimes if the loser refused to give up whatever they had bet, the men would fight and even kill each other.

  • How the Indians cured the sun (1887)
    When people noticed the sun was losing light and the land was getting dark, they panicked and shot their guns into the sun. In doing so, they began to relight the sun, making it strong and bright again.

  • Old Bull's Year Count, from 1821–1890 (1890)
    A transcription of a winter count kept by Old Bull, a Húŋkpapȟaya, produced by Deloria in collaboration with unnamed interpreters of the count. Some of the years don't align as expected with other counts.

  • Standing Rock legend (1927)
    A girl refuses to marry the man who is giving many horses for her, and runs away. She turns into a rock which now stands as a monument in Fort Yates.

  • Iktomi conquers Iya, the eater (1927)
    Iktomi and Iya meet and try to overpower each other with magic until Iktomi tricks Iya into visiting a camp where, with the aid of the warriors, Iya is killed. From his body emerge the countless tribes he has eaten, and they repopulate the earth.